Princess Isabella of Parma

What people wore

The essential Spanish cape

For men, the cape was an essential garment that was never abandoned, even in death. It was so critical to one's public identity that even very poor men would be buried wearing one.

Getting around

Fast travel via post stations

In the 18th century, post stations allowed travelers to rent fresh horses at intervals of 14 to 22 kilometers, enabling speeds of up to 150 to 200 kilometers per day. This was the fastest method of travel for those who could afford it.

At the table

Wine as a daily essential

Wine was a staple beverage for all social classes because it provided essential calories and was often safer to drink than local water. It was frequently consumed diluted with water and was preferred over plain water, which was often considered unhealthy.

Music

Joyful church and palace celebrations in Seville

For a 1742 celebration in Seville, a religious serenata was performed featuring a loud and joyful mix of military instruments, trumpets, cathedral music, and organs to delight the crowd. This musical performance took place at the Archbishop's Palace after a Te Deum service at the cathedral.

Daily life

Dark homes and limited lighting solutions

Homes of humble people were often very dark, as they could not afford glass for windows and instead used small openings covered with oiled paper. Wealthier households used wax candles, but most people relied on oil lamps or tallow, as wax was expensive.

What it cost

Domestic servant wages in 18th-century Spain

A domestic servant in mid-18th century Guipuzcoa earned 10 ducados a year plus shoes and clothing, which was valued at approximately 239 reales de vellón.