In the news1558
First postal service and industrial growth
In 1558, the first Polish postal service was established, significantly improving communication infrastructure for the country. This period also saw the development of local artillery manufacturing, with 178 workshops employing 1,100 craftsmen.
At the table
Beer as a daily staple
Beer was the most common everyday drink, often served as soup with breadcrumbs or given to children and pregnant women for strength.
What people wore
Wages paid in clothing in 1552
In 1552, a servant at the Vilnius Mint received an annual compensation package that included 1.5 kopa of coins, a sheepskin coat valued at 20 groschen, a garment of Lithuanian cloth worth 25 groschen, boots for 10 groschen, and two shirts for 8 groschen.
Getting around
Security for goods in transit
A merchant in 1586 paid four guilders to hire two Tartars to transport his goods, reflecting common practice to ensure security during travel.
What it cost
Food affordability for workers
A worker could purchase a chicken for 1 grossus, a goose for 1.5 to 2 grossi, or a cluster of 60 eggs for 3 grossi with their daily wage.
Music
Carnival sleigh rides and masquerade balls
During the carnival season, the Polish gentry organized festive sleigh rides from mansion to mansion, accompanied by musicians playing dance music, which often culminated in a masquerade ball where nobles dressed as peasants, Jews, or Gypsies.
Daily life
Modest wooden peasant homes
Peasant homesteads were modest wooden houses, often with a single stove and no chimney, sometimes using oiled paper or animal bladders for windows. In some regions like Samogitia, families still lived in traditional numas with central fireplaces.