In the news1569–1574
Famine and price crisis of 1569-1574
Between 1569 and 1574, a severe famine and price crisis struck the region, causing mass death among the poorest residents, while wealthy nobles remained largely unaffected. During 1573 and 1574, a 2.2-kilogram loaf of rye bread cost an unskilled worker in Krakow between 32% and 40% of their daily wage.
At the table
Beer consumed daily as a safer alternative
People often drank beer daily, sometimes consuming it up to four times a day alongside their meals, because drinking plain, untreated water was considered dangerous.
What people wore
Seasonal work coats
Women wore 'sermyaha' coats, which were considered peasant clothing, even when working in fields in early May or late August to protect against cold mornings. Men wore such woolen outer garments consistently, even throughout the summer.
Getting around
Travel by Wagon and Overnight Stays
Traveling between towns typically involved using a horse-drawn wagon, and a journey of 70 viorst could take an entire day and night, requiring an overnight stop.
What it cost
Cost of a loaf of bread
In the late 16th century, a loaf of sifted rye bread cost 1 Polish groschen.
Music
Instruments and Professional Musicians
Common musical instruments used in daily life included the gudok (a bowed instrument), gusli (a string instrument), sopilka (a flute), bubon (tambourine), and duda (bagpipe). In cities, musicians sometimes organized into professional guilds to perform at weddings, festivals, and funerals.
Daily life
Elite children's hygiene and diet
Elite families instructed nannies to brush their children's teeth after meals and often served them fresh fruit in the morning.