In the news1569–1574
Famine and price crisis of 1569-1574
Between 1569 and 1574, a severe famine and price crisis struck the region, causing mass death among the poorest residents, while wealthy nobles remained largely unaffected. During 1573 and 1574, a 2.2-kilogram loaf of rye bread cost an unskilled worker in Krakow between 32% and 40% of their daily wage.
At the table
Beer consumed daily as a safer alternative
People often drank beer daily, sometimes consuming it up to four times a day alongside their meals, because drinking plain, untreated water was considered dangerous.
What people wore
Maidenhood headbands
Peasant women wore 'tkanka' headbands, which were ornamental strips of fabric; girls often wore these alone in warm weather as a symbol of maidenhood.
Getting around
Vilnius to Kaunas travel time
Traveling from Vilnius to Kaunas, which now takes less than 1.5 hours by car, was a journey that lasted an entire day in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
What it cost
Cost of a loaf of bread
In the late 16th century, a loaf of sifted rye bread cost 1 Polish groschen.
Music
Songs and Performers of Everyday Life
Ordinary people enjoyed a variety of traditional music, including calendar-based songs like carols and spring songs, as well as family-oriented music like wedding songs and lullabies. Performance genres included humorous and dance-oriented songs played by skomorokhy, or traveling performers.
Daily life
Lack of schooling for peasants
Most peasant children remained illiterate, as schooling was rare and parents preferred children to assist with agricultural work.