Charles Carnegie, 10th Earl of Southesk

Getting around

Walking as primary travel mode

Walking was the most common way to travel short distances, with people typically covering about 3 miles per hour, though rarely exceeding 20 miles in a single day.

At the table

Economic meat for ordinary families

Meat was expensive, so poorer families relied on economical cuts like sheep's head or offal such as liver, heart, and intestines. A sheep's head could be purchased for about 3d.

What people wore

Shirtfronts Hidden Beneath Formal Wear

To maintain respectability when they could not afford an entire formal wardrobe, gentlemen often wore a separate shirtfront or dickey to conceal striped shirts.

Music

Widespread Use of Concertinas and Accordions

In rural Norfolk around 1890, it was common for households to own a worn-out concertina or a broken-down accordion. These portable instruments became essential for entertainment in homes, pubs, and at village festivals throughout the mid-to-late nineteenth century.

Daily life

Winter Bed Warming and Iced Windows

With no central heating, families used warming pans filled with hot coals to heat beds during winter. It was not uncommon for ice to form on the inside of window panes on cold mornings.