Johann Reinhard III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg

At the table

Avoiding Contaminated Water

Water was rarely drunk, as people relied on beer or watered-down vinegar for safer hydration. Often, drinking water was avoided entirely due to the high risk of contamination from nearby cesspools.

What people wore

Hat with a hidden storage bag

The Scheessel Winkelmann hat was designed with a secret fabric bag inside, which allowed the wearer to carry a hymnal, bread, and a flask while on the go.

Getting around

Travel speeds for foot passengers

Most travelers were foot passengers who could expect to cover about 100 kilometers in a week, accounting for rest days and potential travel obstacles like bad weather or floods.

Work

Regulated Hours for Urban Construction Workers

Construction workers like stonecutters and carpenters worked under municipal regulations that strictly governed their daily wages and their arrival and departure times for work. These rules were officially decreed by city councils to maintain order in the building trades.

Music

Town Musicians Performed on Diverse Instruments

Town musicians, known as Stadtpfeifer, performed on instruments like the cornett, sackbut, and various flutes at civic festivals, weddings, and funerals. They often used sets of instruments in different sizes, called consorts, including discant, alto, tenor, and bass versions.

Daily life

Difficult water access and pollution

Rural water access was difficult, often relying on collecting rainwater or hauling water from village wells or ditches. In some towns, polluted water was a risk because waste was simply poured onto streets and entered groundwater.