In the news1860
Petroleum lamps replaced candles for lighting
Starting in 1860, petroleum lamps replaced candles and tallow lights in German households, significantly improving home lighting.
Cetinje, 4 Jan 1868 – Antibes, 25 Nov 1935
10 facts3 sources
4 Jan 1868
Born in Cetinje
25 Nov 1935
Dies in Antibes, aged 67
She lived through 8 decades. Pick one to hear and see what it was like around Cetinje.
General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.
In the news1860
Starting in 1860, petroleum lamps replaced candles and tallow lights in German households, significantly improving home lighting.
Getting around
Travel between Sardinian towns by road
A diligence service connected Sassari and Cagliari in 30 hours, while horse-drawn carriages could also be hired for travel between towns at a cost of 5 francs per day per horse.
At the table
Frugal Breakfasts and Coffee Substitutes
Before true coffee became widespread, many families drank an infusion made from roasted chickpeas, wheat, barley, or even acorns. Breakfast was very frugal, consisting of little more than a piece of bread and occasionally a small amount of jam.
In Europe · 1859–1871Italy is unified. Garibaldi, Cavour and Victor Emmanuel joined the Italian states into one kingdom, with Rome its capital from 1871.
What people wore
Costumes as social and marital indicators
Sardinian folk costumes acted as indicators of social status, with wealth signaled by the quality and dye of the fabric, the number of buttons, or the type of metal used for finger rings. Marital status was often signaled by the color of a dress, the type of hairstyle, or a man's vest color.
Music
Traditional Sardinian musical instruments
In southern Sardinia, musicians used the launeddas, an ancient triple clarinet, while northern and central regions favored the diatonic accordion known as sunettu.
Daily life
Seasonal hamlet schools for children
Children in mountain regions often attended hamlet schools during the winter season, which lasted only three to five months to accommodate the rural economy. These schools were frequently financed by private family donations and could even reduce lessons to two-and-a-half hours daily in areas with low financial capacity.