In the news1569–1574
Famine and price crisis of 1569-1574
Between 1569 and 1574, a severe famine and price crisis struck the region, causing mass death among the poorest residents, while wealthy nobles remained largely unaffected. During 1573 and 1574, a 2.2-kilogram loaf of rye bread cost an unskilled worker in Krakow between 32% and 40% of their daily wage.
At the table
Social Life in Taverns
Taverns were central to social life, where people gathered to drink beer, mead, or vodka while enjoying entertainment like dancing bears, music, and conversation.
What people wore
Needle cases as wallets
A 'holnyk' was a common accessory, a small case for needles that women also used to carry small amounts of cash. One recorded holnyk cost three groschen, while it once contained fifteen Lithuanian groschen in cash.
Getting around
Postal route speed
The first state postal route between Vilnius and Krakow, established in 1562, took 7 days to cover the distance of over 600 kilometers.
What it cost
Cost of a loaf of bread
In the late 16th century, a loaf of sifted rye bread cost 1 Polish groschen.
Music
Instruments and Professional Musicians
Common musical instruments used in daily life included the gudok (a bowed instrument), gusli (a string instrument), sopilka (a flute), bubon (tambourine), and duda (bagpipe). In cities, musicians sometimes organized into professional guilds to perform at weddings, festivals, and funerals.
Daily life
Common Wooden Homes and Fire Risks
Most homes were wooden, often featuring a furnace as a central element, while stone was typically reserved for churches and administration. Due to the high risk of fire, urban authorities sometimes limited candlelight, and dwellings were often not plastered with clay.