Vladimir Nikolaevich Nikolayev

Getting around

Cost of Post-Horse Travel

Travelers using post-horses paid 8 to 10 kopecks per horse per verst, making a 450-verst trip from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod cost over 100 rubles. A journey using one's own horses for a similar distance was significantly cheaper, costing only 20 to 25 rubles.

At the table

Flavoring food during Lenten fasts

To add flavor to Lenten dishes, peasants used hemp or linseed oil, and hemp seeds were used to make a milk-like substance for flavoring soup. Mushrooms were also an essential part of the diet during fasts, with families consuming them in various forms including salted, dried, and fried.

What people wore

Sheepskin coats and festive fashion choices

Peasants often wore versatile sheepskin coats year-round, using them as clothing, blankets, and pillows. For festive occasions, they switched to cleaner, decorated garments like red chintz shirts or factory-made wool caftans.

Music

New popular song style: chastushki

Chastushki, which were short four-line rhyming couplets, emerged as a creative and popular new song genre among the youth in the late nineteenth century.

Daily life

Early schooling in rural communities

Children typically began school at age seven, though girls often left after a year or two to help with household chores, while boys were more likely to complete the course. Many peasant communities hired their own teachers and rotated classroom space among homes when a dedicated school was not available.