In the news1808–1814
Outbreak of the War of Independence, 1808
The Spanish War of Independence began in 1808, leading to massive destruction and an estimated death toll of up to 500,000 people.
26 Dec 1818 – 26 Dec 1818
8 facts1 source
26 Dec 1818
Born
26 Dec 1818
Dies, aged 0
General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.
In the news1808–1814
The Spanish War of Independence began in 1808, leading to massive destruction and an estimated death toll of up to 500,000 people.
Getting around
Daily travel speeds on horseback
Postal services and private individuals traveling by horse in the early 19th century could reach average speeds of 36 to 48 kilometers per day. Under optimal conditions on well-maintained roads with fresh horses available at post houses, some could cover 50 to 55 kilometers daily.
At the table
Bread as the primary staple food
Ordinary laborers aimed to consume around 1.5 pounds of bread per day, though shortages often forced them to eat less or use lower-quality grains.
In Europe · 1803–1815The Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon’s armies redrew the map of Europe from Spain to Moscow; his invasion of Portugal sent its court to Rio de Janeiro.
What people wore
Essential outdoor attire for women
Regardless of social class, women wore a black basquiña skirt and a mantilla over their other clothes when going out in public or to church. These garments were considered so essential that they were present in every dowry, whether from a wealthy or modest family.
Music
Fashionable instruments and popular musical styles
The guitar was a fashionable instrument, often used to accompany popular songs and dances like the fandango, seguidilla, and tirana.
Daily life
Basic Kitchens and Shared Cooking Spaces
Kitchens were typically basic, often featuring a simple stove or brazier with few earthenware pots for cooking. Meals were frequently prepared in common pots, and specialized dining rooms were rare or considered an afterthought in many homes.