General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.
The 1570s · Aleksandra dies
In the news1569–1574
Famine and price crisis of 1569-1574
Between 1569 and 1574, a severe famine and price crisis struck the region, causing mass death among the poorest residents, while wealthy nobles remained largely unaffected. During 1573 and 1574, a 2.2-kilogram loaf of rye bread cost an unskilled worker in Krakow between 32% and 40% of their daily wage.
At the table
Everyday drinks and home brewing
Beer was a primary everyday beverage, often brewed within the household using large tubs and cauldrons, while mead was also a common drink.
What people wore
Women's Wardrobe Value
Women's clothing was often twice as expensive as men's, with a set including a shirt, skirt, and corset reaching a value of 52 gold coins.
Getting around
Common modes of travel and transport
People traveled by foot, horseback, or in horse-drawn vehicles like simple carts and covered carriages; rivers were also used for transport.
What it cost
Wages and shoe prices in Kraków
In the first half of the 16th century, an unskilled daily worker in Kraków earned approximately 2 grossi per day, while a pair of shoes cost about 7 to 8 grossi.
Music
Carnival sleigh rides and masquerade balls
During the carnival season, the Polish gentry organized festive sleigh rides from mansion to mansion, accompanied by musicians playing dance music, which often culminated in a masquerade ball where nobles dressed as peasants, Jews, or Gypsies.
Daily life
Peasant home layouts and heating
Most peasant families lived in modest wooden houses featuring a stove, though some people in the Samogitia region used a numas, a building type with a central open fireplace.