In the news1808–1814
Outbreak of the War of Independence, 1808
The Spanish War of Independence began in 1808, leading to massive destruction and an estimated death toll of up to 500,000 people.
Madrid, 21 Aug 1817 – Royal Palace of Madrid, 1818
9 facts1 source
21 Aug 1817
Born in Madrid
1818
Dies in Royal Palace of Madrid
General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.
In the news1808–1814
The Spanish War of Independence began in 1808, leading to massive destruction and an estimated death toll of up to 500,000 people.
Getting around
Daily travel speeds on horseback
Postal services and private individuals traveling by horse in the early 19th century could reach average speeds of 36 to 48 kilometers per day. Under optimal conditions on well-maintained roads with fresh horses available at post houses, some could cover 50 to 55 kilometers daily.
At the table
Meat was a luxury, not daily fare
Meat was largely absent from the daily diet of ordinary families due to its high cost, leaving them to rely on bread, oil, legumes, and occasionally pork fat or sardines.
In Europe · 1803–1815The Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon’s armies redrew the map of Europe from Spain to Moscow; his invasion of Portugal sent its court to Rio de Janeiro.
What people wore
Displaying wealth on feast days
Women's wealth was displayed through their clothes, and it was said they would wear everything they owned on feast days, which occurred frequently throughout the year. Dressing up for public appearances was a major social priority, balancing modesty with the display of luxury.
Music
Fashionable instruments and popular musical styles
The guitar was a fashionable instrument, often used to accompany popular songs and dances like the fandango, seguidilla, and tirana.
Daily life
Scarcity and Management of Drinking Water
In coastal cities like Cadiz, drinking water was scarce and often brought in casks from nearby springs, requiring households to collect rainwater in cisterns. This water was meticulously managed for specific uses like cooking, drinking, or cleaning.