In the news1807–1811
French Invasions Ruin Economy (1807-1811)
The French invasions of 1807, 1809, and 1810-1811 caused widespread devastation, economic ruin, and the temporary departure of the royal family to Brazil.
Milan, 9 Dec 1810 – Lisbon, 28 Mar 1835
9 facts3 sources
9 Dec 1810
Born in Milan
28 Mar 1835
Dies in Lisbon, aged 24
He lived through 3 decades. Pick one to hear and see what it was like around Milan.
General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.
Who governed
Monarch of Portugal, 1777–1816 · Kingdom of Portugal
Monarch of Portugal, 1816–1826 · Kingdom of Portugal
What people wore
Cost of wedding attire
A wedding dress for an ordinary person usually cost up to 30 ducats, though wealthy families could spend up to 300 ducats on garments with gold and silver fabrics.
Getting around
The Lettiga: A Mule-Drawn Carriage
The lettiga, a national carriage suspended between two mules, was a common way to travel through regions lacking roads suitable for wheeled vehicles. It was notoriously fatiguing and slow, moving at an average speed of about three miles per hour.
At the table
Street foods costing one soldo
For a single soldo, the poor in Naples could purchase various street foods, such as slices of pizza, portions of fried fish known as fragaglia, or nine boiled chestnuts to eat with bread.
In Europe · 1803–1815The Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon’s armies redrew the map of Europe from Spain to Moscow; his invasion of Portugal sent its court to Rio de Janeiro.
In the news1807–1811
The French invasions of 1807, 1809, and 1810-1811 caused widespread devastation, economic ruin, and the temporary departure of the royal family to Brazil.
Music
Music during religious festival processions
Religious processions often featured musicians, including porters who danced while carrying heavy barrels of wine on their shoulders to the sound of a distant orchestra.
Daily life
Peasant homes shared space with livestock
In small villages like Fardella, peasant houses often consisted of a single room where families cooked, ate, and slept, sometimes sharing the space with livestock like pigs or donkeys. Light entered through small windows designed to keep out the cold, and many homes lacked both electricity and running water.