Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours

What people wore

Poverty dictated clothing recycling and repair

Common people relied heavily on second-hand markets and repairing worn garments, as purchasing a complete new outfit was an exceptional financial event. Because laundry was infrequent and clothing was limited, many rural workers appeared in dull, monochromatic outfits, often going barefoot during the warm season.

Getting around

Mountain sledding and early rapid communication

Travelers crossed the steep Mont-Cenis pass between France and Italy on muleback, while adventurous passengers slid down snowy slopes in sleds known as ramasse in only fifteen minutes. Meanwhile, the Chappe semaphore telegraph allowed messages to travel across France in hours instead of days, though people still relied on traditional transport.

At the table

Bread as the Daily Staple

Bread was the essential staple for all social classes, often eaten as soup or with lard, onions, and cheese. It was baked in various qualities, with some large loaves weighing up to twelve pounds.

Music

Handwritten dance music manuscripts for families

Young people in wealthy families kept handwritten manuscript books of dances, such as quadrilles, waltzes, and bourrées, to enjoy and practice during leisure time.

Daily life

Modest homes and simple furnishings

Most rural families lived in modest homes of two to three rooms, often sleeping in a single bed. In cities, apartments were larger, featuring parquet floors, wallpaper, and window drapes for those who could afford them.

What it cost

Cost of Luxury Goods

Luxury goods were quite expensive compared to wages; for example, a pair of boots cost 18 francs in 1801, and a kilogram of sugar cost 4 francs.