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Alexandrine von Hutten-Czapska

Warsaw, 3 Sep 1854 – Vevey, 8 May 1941

8 facts2 sources

Facts and their sources

A life in time

  1. 3 Sep 1854

    Born in Warsaw

  2. 8 May 1941

    Dies in Vevey, aged 86

Family

See the tree

Parents

Partner

During her lifetime

She lived through 10 decades. Pick one to hear and see what it was like around Warsaw.

General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.

The 1850s · Alexandrine is born in Warsaw

In the news1854

Mechanical textile production begins in Łódź

In 1854, the Scheibler factory was founded in Łódź, marking a technological shift with the introduction of 100 mechanical looms and 18,000 spindles.

What people wore

Peasant Men's Everyday Attire

Ordinary peasant men wore baggy linen trousers, known as portki or gacie, and shirts made of simple homespun cloth. For everyday work, they wore durable garments made from coarse, homespun linen, often opting for straw hats in the summer.

Getting around

Railways significantly reduced travel time

Traveling between Moscow and St. Petersburg by train took 22 hours, whereas a carriage journey previously took 4 to 5 days.

Italy is unified. Garibaldi, Cavour and Victor Emmanuel joined the Italian states into one kingdom, with Rome its capital from 1871.In Europe · 1859–1871

Italy is unified. Garibaldi, Cavour and Victor Emmanuel joined the Italian states into one kingdom, with Rome its capital from 1871.

Baldassare Verazzi (1819-1886) · public domain

In the news1852

National telegraph network started in 1852

In 1852, the federal government began constructing a national telegraph network, establishing it as a public monopoly for communication.

Music

Instruments used in everyday folk music

Villagers used simple instruments like willow flutes, whistles, reed pipes, or trumpets bought at fairs, while adults played violins, bagpipes, or drums at dances. Musical ensembles at festive events often included violins, basses, clarinets, and sometimes tsimbls.

Daily life

Childhood education and seasonal school attendance

Many children received their first education at home from their parents or through secret, informal teaching to preserve the Polish language and spirit. Formal schooling was often irregular, sometimes limited to winter months because children were needed for farm work during the summer.