In the news1520
Poll tax established in 1520
A poll tax was agreed upon in 1520, with nobles paying based on landholdings and tenant farmers paying 1 grosz each.
Kraków, 28 Oct 1523 – Warsaw, 9 Sep 1596
10 facts3 sources
28 Oct 1523
Born in Kraków
1575–1596
King of Poland
9 Sep 1596
Dies in Warsaw, aged 72
She lived through 8 decades. Pick one to hear and see what it was like around Kraków.
General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.
In the news1520
A poll tax was agreed upon in 1520, with nobles paying based on landholdings and tenant farmers paying 1 grosz each.
Getting around
Daily Travel Speeds in the 16th Century
In the 16th century, travelers on foot or in carts laden with goods typically covered about 25 km per day, while specialized postal routes could reach speeds of over 60 km per day.
In the news1525
In 1525, violent Reformation urban revolts occurred in Baltic ports, while rebel peasants quoted Luther during a full-scale uprising.
Daily life
Early schooling focused on Latin and arithmetic
Rural schooling became nearly universal by the early 16th century, though attendance was low, focusing on Latin prayers and basic arithmetic skills.
What people wore
Footwear and status of clothing
Peasant footwear ranged from simple leather forms to boots, and clothing was considered portable wealth that was often stored, inherited, or used as a pledge. Married women were expected to cover their hair with bonnets or scarves, often adding a secondary headcloth called a podwika to cover the neck and décolletage.
Music
Musical instruments at festivities
Instruments like the lute, harp, violin, and bagpipes were commonly used to accompany festivities, weddings, and parties at inns or manors.
At the table
Daily meat consumption
An average laborer on a Polish manor consumed approximately 300g of fatty meat every day.