Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia

Getting around

Railway Travel and Official Formalities

Rail travel revolutionized transport; the journey from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod took 14.5 hours in summer and over 15 hours in winter, while freight trains required nearly a full day. Passengers paid for tickets and had to navigate government formalities, including showing passports at multiple offices.

At the table

Peasant diet: bread, cabbage soup, and kvass

Peasant diets centered on rye bread, cabbage soup (shchi), and various porridges, with meat being a rare luxury reserved for holidays like Christmas or Easter. Ordinary families primarily drank water, kvass—a fermented beverage made from rye bread—or occasionally tea on special occasions.

What people wore

Essential male headwear and belts

Men wore hats or caps constantly outdoors and felt it was improper to be seen bareheaded or without a belt. A belt or cap was so essential that a man might even leave one as a pawn in a tavern to guarantee he would return.

Music

Large communal round dances

The khorovod, a traditional round dance, could involve as many as one hundred participants moving in a circle or in lines.

Daily life

Log cabins with multifunctional ovens

Peasant homes were typically log cabins with a large brick oven that served for both heating and cooking, and in many families, as a sleeping area. By the late 19th century, most homes were still heated black, meaning smoke escaped into the room or through the door, rather than through a chimney.