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James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth

Rotterdam, 19 Apr 1649 – Tower Hill, 25 Jul 1685

12 facts3 sources

Facts and their sources

  • Born19 Apr 1649, Rotterdamnot verified1 source
  • TitleMember of the Privy Council of the United Kingdomor Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire, 1673–1679 · rector, 1674–1682 · Master of the Horse (England), 1674–1679not verified1 source
  • TitleLord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire, 1673–1679or rector, 1674–1682 · Master of the Horse (England), 1674–1679 · Member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdomnot verified1 source
  • Titlerector, 1674–1682or Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire, 1673–1679 · Master of the Horse (England), 1674–1679 · Member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdomnot verified1 source
  • TitleMaster of the Horse (England), 1674–1679or Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire, 1673–1679 · rector, 1674–1682 · Member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdomnot verified1 source
  • Died25 Jul 1685, Tower Hillnot verified1 source
  • FatherCharles II of Englandnot verified1 source
  • MotherLucy Walternot verified1 source

A life in time

  1. 19 Apr 1649

    Born in Rotterdam

  2. 1673–1679

    Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire

  3. 1674–1682

    Rector

  4. 1674–1679

    Master of the Horse (England)

  5. 25 Jul 1685

    Dies in Tower Hill, aged 36

Family

See the tree

Parents

During his lifetime

He lived through 5 decades. Pick one to hear and see what it was like around Rotterdam.

General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.

The 1640s · James is born in Rotterdam

In the news1648

The Peace of Münster is signed

The Peace of Münster was signed, formally ending the Eighty Years' War and providing the Dutch Republic with independence from Spain.

Getting around

Strict schedules and timekeeping measures

To ensure punctuality, sandglasses were used in boats and at docks to time the trips, and skippers were fined if they caused delays. In some cases, passengers could even pay 18 stuivers to force a boat to depart.

In the news1642

English Civil Wars begin

Beginning in 1642, the English Civil Wars caused approximately 200,000 deaths and led to heavy weekly taxes to fund the fighting.

Daily life

Drinking Beer Instead of Water

Because water could be contaminated, children and adults alike drank weak beer with meals, as the brewing process killed dangerous bacteria through extreme heat.

What people wore

Layering wool for winter warmth

During winter, Dutch people of all classes wore extra layers of wool under their indoor clothes to keep warm while skating.

Music

Church music and folk dance customs

Organists played for up to an hour after Sunday and Wednesday church services, sometimes using the organ to help the congregation practice the melody and tone for the psalms. During festive seasons, commoners participated in the traditional egg dance, which required dancers to maneuver around eggs on the ground without breaking them.

At the table

Herring as a protein staple

Herring was a dietary cornerstone for the lower classes, frequently consumed salted or pickled because it was plentiful and affordable. The Dutch fishing industry was so efficient at processing and packing herring at sea that these fish were a reliable protein source for many.