In the news1781
Abolition of Serfdom Controls in 1781
In 1781, Emperor Joseph II issued the Serfdom Patent, granting peasants the legal right to marry, move, and seek education without lordly permission.
Florence, 13 Dec 1784 – Vienna, 21 Dec 1864
10 facts3 sources
13 Dec 1784
Born in Florence
1861
Member of the House of Lords (Austria)
21 Dec 1864
Dies in Vienna, aged 80
He lived through 9 decades. Pick one to hear and see what it was like around Florence.
General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.
In the news1781
In 1781, Emperor Joseph II issued the Serfdom Patent, granting peasants the legal right to marry, move, and seek education without lordly permission.
What people wore
Coral jewelry for festive occasions
On feast days, ordinary women often adorned themselves with coral jewelry, which was meticulously categorized into fourteen different shades, ranging from blood-red to black. This industry was so significant that it drew the interest of foreign travelers who observed the detailed production process in Livorno.
Getting around
Rare river travel by boat
Travel by boat on the Arno River was possible but rare, as travelers often preferred carriages out of fear of heavy rains and the river's unpredictable water levels.
In Europe · 1789–1799The French Revolution. Parisians stormed the Bastille in 1789; the monarchy fell, the king was executed, and “liberty, equality, fraternity” spread across Europe.
In the news1784
The Allgemeines Krankenhaus opened in Vienna in 1784 to centralize medical care and provide free treatment for the poor.
Music
Handel's music in Florence
Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo supported Handel's vocal music, and his collection included manuscript scores of works like Alexander's Feast and Judas Maccabaeus.
Daily life
Schools and Student Life
State-run schools for girls taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and textile work, with deserving students eligible for a substantial dowry of 140 scudi after eight years. Pupils were required to maintain absolute silence and were corrected with zeal and charity if they showed negligence or inappropriate behavior.