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Nadezhda Alexandrovna Stenbock-Fermor

Haapsalu, 31 Jul 1845 – Yalta, 20 Dec 1920

5 facts1 source

Facts and their sources

  • Born31 Jul 1845, Haapsaluor 21 Jul 1845Records disagree1 source
  • Died20 Dec 1920, Yaltanot verified1 source

A life in time

  1. 31 Jul 1845

    Born in Haapsalu

  2. 4 Jun 1870

    A son is born

  3. 20 Dec 1920

    Dies in Yalta, aged 75

Family

See the tree

Partner

Children · 1

During her lifetime

She lived through 9 decades. Pick one to hear and see what it was like around Haapsalu.

General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.

The 1840s · Nadezhda is born in Haapsalu

In the news1840–1849

Mass conversion to Orthodoxy

Starting in the 1840s, at least 64,000 peasants converted to Orthodoxy, driven by rumors of land redistribution and tax exemptions for converts.

What people wore

Layered Winter Clothing

To keep warm in winter, especially when traveling to church by sleigh, peasants wore multiple layers of clothing, such as two or three skirts for women and several pairs of trousers for men.

Daily life

Simple log dwellings with central stoves

In the 19th century, ordinary Estonian peasant homes were typically log buildings featuring a large stove that served as the primary source of heat and a place for the whole family to sleep in winter. Dwellings often lacked separate kitchen areas, with cooking carried out in a threshing room or an entrance room during colder months.

In the news1848

Cholera and Crop Failures in 1848

In 1848, a major cholera epidemic, coupled with a bad harvest and dry weather that caused widespread town fires, severely disrupted the lives of the agrarian population.

Music

Runic songs for work and community

Traditional regilaul (runic songs) were not meant for listening but for active participation; people sang them while working, swinging, or performing circular dances to express feelings and build community. These songs often included wake-up calls for village laborers, who were expected to rise as early as midnight during busy seasons.

In Europe1845–1852

The Great Famine in Ireland

Potato blight ruined harvests: a million Irish people died and a million more emigrated, many to America.

Getting around

Travel by horse-drawn carriage

In the 1830s, people primarily traveled between towns in Estonia using horse-drawn carriages along post roads, where they swapped horses at designated post stations.