In the news1558
First postal service and industrial growth
In 1558, the first Polish postal service was established, significantly improving communication infrastructure for the country. This period also saw the development of local artillery manufacturing, with 178 workshops employing 1,100 craftsmen.
At the table
Beer as a daily staple
Beer was the most common everyday drink, often served as soup with breadcrumbs or given to children and pregnant women for strength.
What people wore
Valuation of peasant clothing sets
A full set of clothing for an ordinary Ukrainian peasant was valued at 26.5 zlotys for men and 52 zlotys for women, with the women's set including a shirt, skirt, and corset. Those who possessed such a complete set were considered wealthy by their community.
Getting around
Security for goods in transit
A merchant in 1586 paid four guilders to hire two Tartars to transport his goods, reflecting common practice to ensure security during travel.
What it cost
Purchasing power of weekly wages
For one week's wages, a laborer could purchase approximately 100 liters of beer or a pair of shoes, which cost 7 to 8 grossi.
Music
Bagpipes at festivals and processions
Bagpipes were widely enjoyed across social classes at inns, weddings, and parties, and they were also played during public events such as military marches and religious processions like Corpus Christi.
Daily life
Education and literacy expectations
Schooling was highly valued by the nobility to prepare children for public service, and by the second half of the 16th century, commoners' children made up over half of the students at the Krakow Academy. For those who could not read or write, the label of idiot or simpleton was commonly used, regardless of status.