Monarch of Portugal, 1750–1777 · Kingdom of Portugal
In the news1766
The 1766 Esquilache Riots
The 1766 Esquilache Riots erupted in Madrid after a royal decree forced men to replace their traditional long capes and broad hats with shorter versions. This protest against reform and high food prices led to the dismissal of the king's minister.
Music
Social Gatherings and Entertainment
Private social gatherings often featured music, dancing, and card games, with attendees enjoying tea, chocolate, and sweets. Orchestras or individual musicians were hired, and guests sometimes participated alongside professionals; dancing was so central that admission to events with balls could cost twice as much as those without.
Around the world · 1756–1763
The Seven Years’ War. Fought in Europe, the Americas, Africa and India, often called the first world war: Britain took Canada and India from France.
Blaue Max · CC BY-SA 4.0
Daily life
Storing and transporting water in Lisbon houses
In noble Lisbon households, water for daily consumption was stored in large glazed clay jars or barrels, and was frequently transported to the home on the heads of workers. One specific household paid an employee 2,400 réis monthly to provide this essential water.
In the news1769
Abolition of slavery in continental Portugal
In 1769, the Marquis of Pombal abolished slavery in continental Portugal and Portuguese India, significantly changing the legal status of enslaved people.
What people wore
Linen saved for lifetime festive wear
Villagers painstakingly washed and bleached fine linen to store in wooden trunks, saving these materials to be hand-sewn into special feast-day clothing that would last a lifetime. In contrast, coarser tow-cloth was used for everyday work clothes, which were constantly patched by local seamstresses to maintain them.
Getting around
Travel by stubborn pack mules
Travelers frequently used pack mules to move between towns; because these animals were often stubborn and guided by muleteers who stopped often at taverns, passengers faced long delays and the risk of accidents.