Manuel II of Portugal

What people wore

Generational inheritance of Sunday clothing

Fishermen in the late 19th century owned very few sets of clothes; their Sunday best was often handed down through generations, passing from parents to children and even to grandchildren.

Getting around

Slow and noisy ox carts

In rural areas, ox-drawn carts made a loud, shriek-like noise, earning them the name chilreada, and traveled at a slow pace of only 1.5 miles per hour.

At the table

Early morning meal 'mata-bicho'

Rural workers often started their day with a small, modest meal known as 'mata-bicho', typically consisting of bread, olives, or bacon, sometimes accompanied by a drink of strong spirits like aguardente.

Music

The role of military bands

Military bands often served as the only musical groups in provincial towns, frequently teaching locals and performing in public squares and processions.

Daily life

Home life and cooking practices

Cooking was typically done over three stones as fireplaces were rare, and lighting in rural homes was provided by oil or olive oil lamps. Families often gathered in the kitchen, which served as the primary living space, to talk, read aloud, or play cards.