Maria Dmitrievna Zabotkina

Getting around

Railway Travel and Official Formalities

Rail travel revolutionized transport; the journey from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod took 14.5 hours in summer and over 15 hours in winter, while freight trains required nearly a full day. Passengers paid for tickets and had to navigate government formalities, including showing passports at multiple offices.

At the table

Sunflower seeds as a social snack

During social gatherings, villagers enjoyed companionship while husking sunflower seeds and spitting the shells onto the floor. These seeds were popular treats for children, gifts for hosts, and a common snack accompanying village conversation.

What people wore

Sheepskin coats and festive fashion choices

Peasants often wore versatile sheepskin coats year-round, using them as clothing, blankets, and pillows. For festive occasions, they switched to cleaner, decorated garments like red chintz shirts or factory-made wool caftans.

Music

Harmonicas were popular affordable instruments

A harmonica was a common and relatively affordable instrument for villagers, often costing between 10 and 25 rubles to purchase.

Daily life

Early schooling in rural communities

Children typically began school at age seven, though girls often left after a year or two to help with household chores, while boys were more likely to complete the course. Many peasant communities hired their own teachers and rotated classroom space among homes when a dedicated school was not available.