In the news1771
New Mail Coach Service Established in 1771
In 1771, a mail coach service was established between Madrid, Barcelona, and Cádiz, charging four to five reales per league and promising travel in twenty-one days. This was considered a remarkable speed and comfort for passengers at the time.
Getting around
Primary transport modes in Bourbon Spain
Between 1750 and 1774, most travel relied on mules, horses, or oxen, as railways and steamships did not yet exist in Spain. People traveled by coach, carriage, or on horseback, with the posta system providing the fastest travel for those who could afford it.
In Europe1772–1795
Poland is partitioned
Russia, Prussia and Austria divided Poland among themselves in three steps until, in 1795, it vanished from the map for 123 years.
Daily life
Difficult access to water supplies
Water was a daily constraint for ordinary people who lacked piped access and often fetched it from public fountains or bought it from water carriers. To supplement supplies, households collected rainwater in cisterns or relied on local wells, requiring significant manual labor to provision for drinking, cooking, and cleaning.
What people wore
The High Value of Footwear and Clothing
Rope or wooden shoes were common among poorer individuals, and it was not unusual to find records of people owning only a single shoe or a single stocking. Clothes were so valuable that they were rarely discarded, often being repurposed, auctioned to pay for burial expenses, or given as part of a domestic servant's wages.
Music
Popular instruments and castanets
The guitar was the most popular domestic instrument, often used to accompany dances like the seguidilla and tirana. Dancers frequently played simple castanets, which were held in the palm by a bead tied to their fingers.
At the table
Diet of the Laboring Poor
Poor laborers often ate soup with oil or cornmeal porridge in the morning and legumes or salted sardines at midday. Wine was considered expensive, so these families typically drank it only on feast days, sometimes to excess.