son of von Holstein-Gottorp

What people wore

Festive men's leather breeches

For festive occasions, men in some areas wore leather breeches tied below the knee with colorful, tasseled ribbons and knee-high boots with red heels.

Getting around

Special saddles for women riders

Women commonly used special saddles (tvärsadlar) for travel, which allowed them to sit with both legs on the same side of the horse, rather than riding astride.

At the table

Salted food and diluted beer consumption

Food was often heavily salted for preservation, particularly meat and fish, which provided essential protein alongside dairy. People commonly drank large quantities of beer, often diluted with water, as a standard daily beverage.

Music

Folk instruments and church singing style

Common folk instruments in this period included the nyckelharpa, hurdy-gurdy, and drums, while country church congregational singing was often described by clergy as shrill and heterophonous.

Daily life

Cooking with the large iron pot

The large iron or bronze cooking pot remained the primary tool for preparing food in most households throughout this period. In many rural homes, these pots were among the most expensive individual items owned.

What it cost

Rising cost of rye relative to wages

Between 1770 and 1784, the price of rye was 31 percent higher relative to the wages of day-workers compared to the period of 1735 to 1744.