Infante Afonso, Duke of Oporto

Music

Common instruments in rural homes

In rural Minho, it was rare to find a house without a viola or a cavaquinho, and sometimes a harmonica, which later became known as a concertina. Spontaneous neighborhood parties often erupted when someone started playing these instruments.

Daily life

Primary education reforms for children

During this period, the state made primary education mandatory for the first three years, with an optional fourth year, and worked to establish new primary schools across the country. However, many children, especially those from poorer families, often worked long hours in factories or in agricultural tasks instead of attending school.

What it cost

Entrance cost to the Crystal Palace

While the bourgeoisie enjoyed Sunday leisure, those who could afford the entrance fee paid 50 réis to visit the Crystal Palace in Porto.

What people wore

Practical Habits for Preserving Clothing

To preserve their footwear during long journeys, men would carry their boots or shoes slung over their shoulders on a staff and walk barefoot, only putting them on upon reaching their destination. Similarly, women in some regions would lift and pin their heavy skirts while working to facilitate movement and protect the fabric.

Getting around

Trains versus Stagecoaches

By 1868, trains were significantly cheaper and faster than stagecoaches, charging 10 réis per kilometer in 3rd class compared to 25 réis for a stagecoach.

At the table

Pork and bread consumption habits

Pork was the primary meat in the rural diet, preserved by salting or smoking in the chimney. Wheat bread was considered a luxury and was typically reserved only for feast days.