Luísa, Duchess of Cadaval

Getting around

Traffic chaos in 17th-century Lisbon streets

In late 17th-century Lisbon, coaches were luxury items that caused severe traffic congestion in narrow medieval streets, leading to violent disputes between elite passengers. Due to their size and the city's topography, sedan chairs and horse-litters remained the preferred transport for the quality.

What it cost

Lisbon olive oil price changes

Olive oil prices in Lisbon remained constant until 1670, then declined until about 1692 before beginning a steady rise.

What people wore

Status Display in Merchant Wardrobes

Merchants during this period carefully curated their wardrobes to project status, often documenting expensive items like silk dresses or velvet breeches in their inventories while omitting common daily wear. Symbols of wealth and social standing included items like a crimson red woman's cape valued at 12,000 réis or a fine cloth suit costing 10,000 réis.

Daily life

Cooking Tools and Costs

While ceramic cooking pots were common and cost about 5 réis each, metal pots were considered expensive items. Poor families often relied on simple hearths for cooking, as specialized fireplaces were comparatively rare in the Portuguese climate.

Work

Tithe burdens and church grain reserves

Farmers were required to pay about ten percent of their production to the Church, often managed by local commanders who sold the yields for cash regardless of the villagers' needs. This burden was so significant that during times of scarcity, the community often relied on the Church’s grain reserves for survival or seed loans.

Music

Religious music life in Angra

In Angra, ordinary people frequented churches where they heard liturgical chant, congregational hymns, and occasionally polyphony or instrumental music. Some hermitages, like Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, were particularly popular for the daily singing of the rosary.

At the table

Daily Diet of a Fieldworker

A 17th-century fieldworker typically consumed up to 1 kilogram of bread daily, accompanied by broth, vegetables, small amounts of meat or fish, and large quantities of wine.