In the news1570–1599
Deadly epidemic after 1569
A severe epidemic struck several Prussian cities, with mortality so high in Toruń that corpses were moved by the dozen in carts.
Died Moscow, 1591
8 facts1 source
1586
A daughter is born
1588–1591
Wojewoda podlaski
1591
Dies in Moscow
General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.
In the news1570–1599
A severe epidemic struck several Prussian cities, with mortality so high in Toruń that corpses were moved by the dozen in carts.
At the table
Everyday drinks and home brewing
Beer was a primary everyday beverage, often brewed within the household using large tubs and cauldrons, while mead was also a common drink.
What people wore
Portable Peasant Wealth
Some peasants owned valuable items like sheepskin coats trimmed with rare beaver fur or garments made from imported London cloth, which served as portable wealth.
Getting around
Daily travel distances for commoners
Travelers on foot or in wagons covered approximately 20 to 30 kilometers per day, while those on horseback could manage 30 to 40 kilometers.
What it cost
Wages and Purchasing Power in Kraków
An unskilled day laborer typically earned about 1.5 to 2 groschen per day. With this daily wage, one could buy about 7 kilograms of rye, 4.5 kilograms of wheat, or approximately 20 liters of beer.
Music
Instruments and Liturgical Singing
Bagpipes (duda), violins (skrypka), and various flutes and drums were common instruments played at inns and social gatherings. In church, Jesuit students regularly performed specific liturgical songs like Iam lucis orto sidere to open their classes.
Daily life
Schooling for non-noble children
In the second half of the 16th century, commoners' children frequently attended educational institutions, making up over half of the students at the Krakow Academy.