In the news1864
Peasants granted freedom by 1864 reform
The abolition of serfdom in 1864 granted peasants legal freedom and equality, a major step in building a modern nation.
Warsaw, 13 Jul 1862 – Saint Petersburg, 27 Feb 1879
8 facts3 sources
13 Jul 1862
Born in Warsaw
27 Feb 1879
Dies in Saint Petersburg, aged 16
He lived through 2 decades. Pick one to hear and see what it was like around Warsaw.
General history, not a record about the family: each item says where it comes from.
In the news1864
The abolition of serfdom in 1864 granted peasants legal freedom and equality, a major step in building a modern nation.
What people wore
Women's Everyday and Festive Clothing
Women's everyday work clothes were made of coarse hemp or flax linen, while their heads were typically covered by simple linen scarves tied behind the neck. On feast days, they wore ornate, colorful skirts and intricately embroidered shirts or corsets, often seeking help from experts to tie their decorative headscarves.
Getting around
Transfers between Warsaw railway stations
In Warsaw, passengers traveling between the St. Petersburg and Vienna railway lines had to transfer by horse tramway because the stations were on opposite banks of the Vistula River.
In Europe · 1859–1871Italy is unified. Garibaldi, Cavour and Victor Emmanuel joined the Italian states into one kingdom, with Rome its capital from 1871.
In the news1861
The 1861 Emancipation Manifesto freed nearly 50 million serfs, granting them personal freedom but requiring them to redeem their land through long-term government loans.
Music
Popular dances at social gatherings
People danced the polonaise, waltz, contredanse, and mazurka at balls, with the mazurka's rhythm often emphasizing the second beat and sometimes accompanied by rhythmic foot stamping. These dances were central to both peasant culture and urban social gatherings during this period.
Daily life
Home utilities and lighting in urban areas
Ordinary urban homes lacked piped water, requiring residents to fetch it from public wells or rely on water carriers. Lighting was provided by simple means like brass candlesticks, as kerosene lamps and electricity were rare or non-existent in common households.