Elizabeth Campbell, Duchess of Argyll

At the table

Tea Becomes a Staple Drink

By the early 19th century, tea had moved down the social scale and became a staple drink, often served with bread, which was frequently the only meal for the poor.

What people wore

Everyday attire of working men

Working men typically wore a shirt, waistcoat, heavy wool coat, handkerchief, stockings, and a hat, with breeches being common until trousers gained popularity after 1800.

Getting around

Walking was the primary travel method

For most ordinary people, walking was the primary mode of transport, as stagecoaches and hired horses were often too expensive. Pedestrians typically traveled at an average speed of 3 mph, rarely exceeding 20 miles in a single day.

What it cost

Weekly earnings for workers

A skilled workman could earn up to two pounds per week, while farm labourers typically earned nine to twelve shillings.

Music

Popular dance instrument

The tabor and pipe, featuring a small drum and a single-handed three-holed pipe, remained a popular and enduring instrument for dance bands well into the 1820s.

Daily life

Cooking and Baking Habits

In some households, families without a private oven sent their bread and cake mixes to a local bakery, marking them with their initials to identify them. Cooking ranges heated by coal were used, with water heated in kettles hung over the fire or in boilers behind the coal fire.